Introduction of epilepsy These are a group of disorders of the CNS characterized by paroxysmal cerebral dysrhythmia, manifesting as brief episodes (seizures) of loss or disturbance of conscious ness, with or without characteristic body movements (convulsions), sensory or psychiatric phenomena. Some of the main causes of epilepsy include: Low oxygen during birth. Head injuries that […]
Category: Modern Pharmacology
Coagulants are substances which promote coagulation, and are indicated in haemorrhagic states. Fresh whole blood or plasma provide all the factors needed for coagulation and are the best therapy for deficiency of any clotting factor; also they act immediately. Other coagulants drugs used to restore haemostasis are: Vitamin K K1 (from plants, fat-soluble) Phytonadione (Phylloquinone) […]
Antacids are basic substances which neutralize gastric acid and raise pH of gastric contents. They are available and are taken by mouth to quickly relieve occasional heartburn, the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease and indigestion. Treatment with antacids alone is symptomatic and only justified for minor symptoms. Antacids are distinct from acid-reducing drugs like […]
What is Antipyretics :- An Antipyretic drug is a substance that reduces fever. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin induced increase in temperature. The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever. Most antipyretics have other purposes. The most common antipyretics in the United States are ibuprofen […]
A Carminative, also known as carminativum (plural carminativa), is an herb or preparation intended to either prevent formation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract or facilitate the expulsion of said gas, thereby combatting flatulence. Varieties:- Carminatives are often mixtures of essential oils and herbal spices with a tradition in folk medicine for this use. Some […]
Anthelmintics are drugs that either kill (vermicide) or expel (vermifuge) infesting helminths. Helminthiasis is prevalent globally (1/3rd of world’s population harbours them), but is more common in developing countries with poorer personal and environmental hygiene. Multiple infestations in the same individual are not infrequent. In the human body, g.i.t. is the abode of many helminths, […]
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Unlike most antibiotics, antiviral drugs do not destroy their target pathogen; instead they inhibit their development. Antiviral drugs are one class of antimicrobials, a larger […]
An Antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete’s foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and other. Causes CLASSIFICATION :- Antibiotics Polyenes: Amphotericin B (AMB), Nystatin, Hamycin Echinocandins: Caspofungin, Micafungin, Anidulafungin Heterocyclic benzofuran: Griseofulvin 2. […]
Introduction Antiseptic is an antimicrobial substance which is applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction. They are generally distinguished from antibiotics by the latter ability to safely destroy bacteria within the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects. Some antiseptics are true germicides, capable of […]
Introduction Definition– Anticancer drug, also called antineoplastic drug, any drug that is effective in the treatment of malignant, or cancerous, disease. There are several major classes of anticancer drugs; these include alkylating agents, antimetabolites, natural products, and hormones. The anticancer drugs either kill cancer cells or modify their growth. However, selectivity of majority of drugs […]