Commonly used Medical Tests and their Normal Values

AFTER READING MEDICAL TEST AND VALUE, READ MUTRA PARIKSHA.

CBC (Complete Blood Test) :-

Field	Defination	Normal Value
Hb (Hemoglobin)	Protein present inside blood which holds oxygen and carbon dioxide	Men: 14- 17 gm/dl Women: 12-15 gm/dl
TLC (Total Leukocyte Count)	Cells of Immune system helps us protect from infection	4000-11000 cells/mcL
RBC (Red Blood Count)	Cells present inside Blood containing Hb	Men: 4.5-5.5 Lakh Female: 4-5 Lakh
Hct (hematocrit)	It is the volume % percentage of red blood cell.	41% in Male & 31% in Women
MCV (Mean corpuscular volume)	This is the average size of your red blood cells.	MCV score: 80 to 95.
Platelets	Thrombocytes are components of blood whose function is to stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel	140,000 to 450,000 cells/mcL
ESR (Erythrocyte sedimentation Rate	Helps to determine if you have a condition that causes inflammation. If your ESR is high, it may be related to an inflammatory condition	Male: 1-10 mm Female: 5-15 mm

Liver Function Tests (LFT) :-

Field	Defination	Normal Value
Bilirubin Total	Bilirubin is a reddish yellow pigment made during the normal breakdown of red blood cells.	0-1 mg/dl
Conjugated (D.Bilirubin)	Direct bilirubin is the more soluble, less toxic and conjugated with glucuronic acid.	0-0.35 mg/dl
Unconjugated (I.D. Bilirubin)	Bilirubin that is bound to a certain protein (albumin) in the blood	0.2-0.65 mg/dl
SGOT (AST)	Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, an enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells.	10-40 iu/l
SGPT (ALT)	Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, an enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells	10-40 iu/l
Alkaline Phosphatase	Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found throughout the body. However, it tends to be most concentrated in the liver, the bile ducts, bones and placenta	40-112 u/l
Total Protein	is a biochemical test for measuring the total amount of protein in serum. Protein in the serum is made up of albumin and globulin.	6-8.5 gm/l
Albumin	is produced in the liver and forms a large proportion of all plasma protein.	3.5-5 gm/l
Globulin	Is a group of proteins in blood, they play an important role in liver function, blood clotting, and fighting infection.	2- 3.5 gm/l

KFT ( Kidney Function Test ) :-

Field	Defination	Normal Value
Blood urea	Urea is the terminal product of protein metabolism, and 1g of protein can produce about 0.3g of urea	10-50 mg/dl
Serum Creatinine	Creatinine is a chemical waste product in the blood that passes through the kidneys to be filtered and eliminated in urine.	0.6–1.1 mg/dl In Women & 0.7–1.3 mg/dl In Men
Serum Uric Acid	Uric acid is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purinenucleotide, and it is a normal component of urine.	2.4-6.0 mg/dl (female) and 3.4-7.0 mg/dl (male)
Serum Sodium	Sodium is key to controlling the amount of fluid in your body. body needs it for brain and muscles to work the right way.	135-145 mmol/L.
Serum Potassium	A potassium test is used to measure the amount of potassium in your blood. Potassium is an electrolyte that’s essential for proper muscle and nerve function	Adults: 3.5-5.1 mEq/L or mmol/L Children: 3.4-4.7 mEq/L or mmol/L (age dependent)
Chloride	Chloride is an electrolyte that helps keep a proper fluid and acid base balance in body.	98-106 mmol/L
Total Protein	Albumin and globulin are two types of protein in your body. The total protein test measures the total amount albumin and globulin in your body	6 -8.3 grams per deciliter (g/dL).

Lipid Profile :-

Field	Defination	Normal Value
Total Cholesterol	This is the total amount of cholesterol in your blood	<200 mg/dL
Triglycerides	Another type of fat that causes hardening of the arteries	10 to 150 mg/dL
HDL Cholesterol High- density lipoprotein	This is referred to as “good” cholesterol because it helps remove LDL cholesterol from your blood.	40 to 60 mg/dL
LDL Cholesterol Low-density lipoprotein	This is referred to as “bad” cholesterol. Too much of it raises your risk of heart attack,stroke, and atherosclerosis.	70 to 130 mg/dL
VLDL-: Very Low-Density Lipoprotein	VLDL cholesterol is a type of blood fat. It’s considered one of the “bad” forms of cholesterol, along with LDL cholesterol and triglycerides.	less than or equal to 2 to 30 mg/dL (0.1 to 1.7 mmol/l).

Blood Sugar Test :-

Field	Defination	Normal Value
Random	A random blood sugar test checks your blood glucose at a random time of day.	79–160 mg/dl
Fasting	means refraining from eating of drinking any liquids other than water for eight hours. It is used as a test for diabetes	90 to 110mg/dL
2 hour post- prandial	postprandial blood glucose test measures blood glucose exactly 2 hours after eating a meal,timed from the start of the meal	Below 140 mg/dl
Glucose tolerance test	glucose tolerance test measures how well your body’s cells are able to absorb glucose(75 gm), or sugar, after you ingest a given amount of sugar.	Fasting 60-100 mg/dl, 1 hour <200 mg/dl, 2 hour <140 mg/dl

HbA1c Blood Test :-

HbA1c is a marker that can determine your average blood sugar (glucose) levels over the previous 3-months.

Score	Means	Interpretation
4.5-6.4	Excellent	normal to pre daibetics
6.5-7.0	Good	Daibetics
7.1-8.0	Acceptable	“
>8.0	Poor	“

Urine Test :-

Field	Reference Range
Color	Yellow	cloudy, dark, or blood-coloured.
Appearance	Clear	Cloudy urine may be caused by crystals, deposits, white cells, red cells, epithelial cells or fat globules.
Specific gravity (g/ml)	1.005-1.030	Increases in specific gravity – dehydration, diarrhea, emesis, excessive sweating, urinary tract/bladder infection, glucosuria , renal artery stenosis
pH	5.0-8.0	A high (alkaline) pH can be caused by severe vomiting, a kidney disease, some urinary tract infections and asthma.
Protein (mg/dl)	Negative	Protein may be present in the urine because of acute inflammation or kidney stone disease, or as a sign of kidney damage.
Glucose (mg/dl)	Negative	when blood sugar levels rise well above a target range-which can occur in type 1 and type 2 diabetes-the kidneys often release some of the excess sugar from the blood into the urine.
Ketones (mg/dl)	Negative	High ketone levels in urine may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a complication of diabetes that can
Bilirubin	Negative	In certain liver diseases, such as biliary obstruction or hepatitis, excess bilirubin can build up in the blood and is eliminated in urine.
Blood	Negative	Painful blood in the urine can be caused by a number of disorders, including infections and stones in the urinary tract. Painless blood in the urine can also be due to many causes, including cancer.
Nitrite	Negative	This test is commonly used in diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTI). A positive nitrite test indicates that the cause of the UTI is a gram negative organism, most commonly Escherichia coli.
Urobilinogen	0.2-1.0	Too much urobilinogen in urine can indicate a liver disease such as hepatitis or cirrhosis.
Leukocyte esterase	Negative	Leukocyte esterase is a screening test used to detect a substance that suggests there are white blood cells in the urine. This may mean you have a urinary tract infection.
WBC/HPF (WBCs per high power field, HPF).	0-4	This test is usually ordered to determine is someone has a urinary tract infection. … If both WBC and leukoesterase are elevated, it more strongly suggests a UTI.
Squamous epithelium	0-4	The presence of squamous epithelial cells may indicate contamination of the urine specimen

Cardic Blood Tests :-

Test	Defination	Normal value
Creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB)	CPK-MB test is a cardiac marker used to assist diagnoses of an acute myocardial infarction	5 to 25 IU/L
Troponin	A troponin test measures the levels troponin T or troponin I proteins in the blood. These proteins are released when the heart muscle has been damaged, such as occurs with a heart attack.	less than 0.01 ng/mL
C-Reactive Protein and Heart Disease Risk	CRP seems to predict the chance of having cardiovascular problems at least as well as cholesterol levels.	<1mg = less risk, 1.0-2.9mg = intermediate, >2.9 = higher

TFT ( THYROID FUNCTION TEST ) :-

Hormones	Defination	Normal Value
TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3)	Abnormally high levels most commonly indicate a condition called Grave’s disease. This is autoimmune disorder associated with hyperthyroidism.	75-200 ng/dL
THYROXINE (T4)	A high level of T4 indicates an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). Symptoms include anxiety, unplanned weight loss, tremors, and diarrhea	4.5 -11.5 ug/dL
THYROID- STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)	is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce (T4), and then (T3) which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body	0.3 – 5.0 U/mL

Blood Tests for Women :-

Hormones		Normal value
FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone	helps control a woman’s menstrual cycle and the production of eggs.	5-20 IU/L (THIRD DAY OF MENSTRUAL PERIOD)
LH (Luteinizing Hormone Level)	In women, luteinizing hormone (LH) is linked to ovarian hormone production and egg maturation	luteinizing hormone (LH) is linked to ovarian hormone production and egg maturation.
Prolactin	prolactin test is done to find out why they are not menstruating,or why they are having infertility problems or abnormal nipple discharge	Non pregnant females: 2 to 29 ng /mL. Pregnant females: 10 to 209 ng/mL
Ovarian Reserve (AMH) Test Anti-Mullerian Hormone	The level of AMH in a woman’s blood is generally a good indicator of her ovarian reserve.	4.0 ng/ml high, 1.5-4.0 ng/ml normal,1.0-1.5 ng/ml. Low normal, 0.5-1.0 ng/ml low

Bone examination Tests :-

Test		Normal Value
Vitamin B12	also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that has a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system via the synthesis of myelin (myelinogenesis), and the formation of red blood cells.
Vitamin D	nutrient essential for proper growth and formation of teeth and bones. vitamin D test measures the level of 25- hydroxyvitamin D and /or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the blood to detect a deficiency or excess.
Serum Calcium	Calcium helps build strong bones and teeth. It is important for heart function, and helps with muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and blood clotting	8.5-10.2 mg/dL
Bone density test	only test that can diagnose osteoporosis before a broken bone occurs. This test helps to estimate the density of your bones and your chance of breaking a bone	T-score -1.0 or above is normal bone density. A T-score of -2.5 or below is a diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Semen Analysis :-

Field		Normal Value
Volume	The average volume of semen produced at Ejaculation.	1.5-5 ml
Sperm count		50-150 million
Motility	How many moving sperm are present. Low motility can also indicate hormonal problems or a varicocele.	50-60%
Morphology	% of normally shaped sperm cells	>50%
Liquefaction	While semen is initially thick, its ability to liquefy, or turn to a watery consistency, helps sperm to move. If semen does not liquefy in 15 to 30 minutes, fertility could be affected	15-30 minutes
pH	pH level higher than 8.0 could indicate the donor has an infection	7.2-7.8

BLOOD TEST FOR ARTHRITIS :-

Test		Normal Values
Rheumatoid factor (RF)	RF are proteins produced by your immune system that can attack healthy tissue in your body.	Less than 15 IU/mL
Antinuclear antibody (ANA)	detects antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in your blood. Your immune system normally makes antibodies to help you fight infection	+ve or -ve
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP)	Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) is an antibody present in most rheumatoid arthritis patients.	Less than 20 u/ml
HLA-B27	Human leukocyte antigen B27 is a major histocompatibility complex class 1 molecule that is strongly associated with the disease ankylosing spondylitis.	+ve or -ve
C-reactive protein	This test measures body-wide inflammation. It measures a substance produced by the liver that increases in the presence of inflammation	Below 3.0 mg/dL